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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(4): 248-256, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603034

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La torsión anexial es una complicación frecuente en ginecología que motiva una cirugía de urgencia y muchas veces conlleva la anexectomía como tratamiento basado en la impresión visual cirujano. Objetivo: Evaluar la contabilidad de la impresión visual del cirujano para la toma de decisiones. Método: Se estudiaron las torsiones anexiales operadas entre enero de 2006 y julio de 2009. Se revisaron las placas de los casos sometidos a anexectomía y se determinó la presencia de compromiso vascular irreversible. Se correlacionó la impresión visual del cirujano con la del patólogo usando la biopsia como estándar dorado. Resultados: En el período de estudio se operaron 51 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 35,5 +/- 2 años (rango: 8-80 años). El 72,6 por ciento de los casos fue abordado por laparoscopia y en 60,7 por ciento de los casos se realizó anexectomía. En 38,7 por ciento de los casos sometidos a anexectomía se demostró en la biopsia un infarto hemorrágico masivo. A mayor intervalo de tiempo entre diagnóstico y cirugía, mayor fue la probabilidad de compromiso vascular (regresión logística, p<0,01). La concordancia entre la impresión del cirujano y del patólogo fue leve (kappa 0,2 +/- 0,16 p<0,02). La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la impresión visual del cirujano para necrosis isquémica fueron 88,9 por ciento, 26,3 por ciento, 36,4 por ciento, 83,3 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Este estudio demuestra que la apreciación visual del cirujano es un mal predictor de daño vascular irreversible. Ante la sospecha diagnóstica de torsión debe preconizarse el abordaje quirúrgico precoz e intentar preservar el ovario.


Background: Adnexal torsion constitutes one of the major surgical emergencies in gynecology commonly leading to adnexal removal based on visual assessment of vascular damage. Aims: The goal of present study is to establish the accuracy of the surgeon's visual impression in correctly doing the decision-making. Methods: All cases of adnexal torsion undergoing surgery between January 2006 and July 2009 were recruited. A pathological review was conducted in all cases undergoing adnexal removal to assess the presence of irreversible vascular damage. A correlation was done between pathologist and surgeon assessment using pathological report as gold standard. Results: During the period of study a total of 51 patients were operated. The average age was 35.5 +/- 2 years (range: 8-80 years). The 72.6 percent of cases was approached by laparoscopy and in 60.7 percent of cases adnexal removal was done. In 38.7 percent of those cases treated with adnexal removal a massive ischemic necrosis or complete infarction was demonstrated at biopsy. As longer the time interval was between diagnosis and surgery, major the incidence was of vascular damage (log regression, p<0.01). Slight agreement was observed between surgeon and pathologist (kappa 0.2 +/- 0.16, p<0.02). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for visual assessment of ischemic necrosis done by surgeon were 88.9 percent, 26.3 percent, 36.4 percent, 83.3 percent respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that visual assessment has a low positive predictive value for irreversible vascular damage. In those cases with presumptive diagnosis of adnexal torsion, an early surgical approach should be prompted to preserve the adnexa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Adnexal Diseases/surgery , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Decision Making , Torsion Abnormality , Adnexal Diseases/diagnosis , Necrosis , Ovary/pathology , Sensitivity and Specificity
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(3): 172-178, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-547806

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de endometrio es una neoplasia ginecológica relevante en todo el mundo, con cambios acelerados en su manejo. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección, pero puede llegar a tener una alta tasa de complicaciones y retraso en el inicio de terapias adyuvantes por el trauma quirúrgico que provoca. Este artículo revisa el rol de la laparoscopia en el manejo de las pacientes con cáncer endometrial, haciendo hincapié en su seguridad oncológica, beneficios y complicaciones. Al comparar la vía clásica por laparotomía, la laparoscopia, en manos experimentadas, tiene similares resultados respecto de sobrevida, recurrencia y etapificación completa, pero con una menor tasa de complicaciones. La vía endoscópica podría ser la herramienta del futuro en el manejo del cáncer de endometrio.


Endometrial cancer is a relevant gynecologic neoplasm, with accelerated changes in its management. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but it can have a high rate of complications and delay in adjuvant therapies due to the surgical trauma that it inflicts. This article reviews the role of laparoscopy in the management of women with endometrial cancer, highlighting the oncologic safety, benefits and complications. Comparing laparotomy with laparoscopy, in experienced hands, it has the same results concerning to survival, recurrence and complete staging, with a lower rate of complications. Celioscopy could be the tool of the future in the management of endometrial cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Laparoscopy , Lymph Node Excision , Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Laparotomy/adverse effects , Endometrial Neoplasms/mortality , Recurrence , Survival Analysis
3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 74(4): 247-252, 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551381

ABSTRACT

El trabajo de parto es un evento de riesgo para hipoxia fetal aguda, lo que puede detectarse en alteraciones del Monitoreo Electrónico Fetal Intraparto (MEFI). Frente a un MEFI sugerente de hipoxemia fetal, existen maniobras estándar de resucitación intrauterina como lateralización de la paciente, aporte de volumen intravenoso y suspensión de la infusión oxitócica. Se debate la utilidad de la hiperoxigenación materna y la tocolisis aguda. Revisamos la evidencia científica relevante sobre la utilidad y seguridad de estas dos maniobras. Encontramos sólo limitada evidencia respecto del efecto benéfico de la hiperoxigenación materna frente a alteraciones del MEFI, existiendo dudas de su inocuidad. La tocolisis aguda ha demostrado ser eficaz en lograr la normalización del MEFI, independiente de la presencia de hiperactividad uterina, con una efectividad cercana al 80 por ciento. La evidencia apoya el uso de B-miméticos y Nitroglicerina. Recomendamos incluir en la practica clínica habitual la tocolisis aguda y la hiperoxigenación materna sólo por lapsos breves, junto a las maniobras habituales de resucitación intrauterina frente a un MEFI alterado. (


Labor is a risk condition for acute fetal hypoxia, this hypoxia can be detected by using cardiotocography (CTG). When CTG suggest hypoxia, intrauterine resuscitation techniques must be implemented, such as lateral positioning of the mother, intravenous fluid administration and suspension of oxytocin administration. Among intrauterine resuscitation techniques it is discussed the use of maternal hyperoxygenation and acute tocolysis. Here we review the evidence supporting utility and safety of these two techniques. We found only limited evidence supporting the beneficial role of maternal hyperoxygenation after nonreassuring CTG, plus concerns about its safety. Acute tocolysis has proven to be efficient in normalizing CTG, independent of the presence of uterine hyperactivity, with an overall benefit of 80 percent. Evidence supports the use of B-mimetics and nitroglycerin. We recommend to include acute tocolysis and maternal hyperoxygenation (just for limited time), among intrauterine resuscitation techniques for abnormal CTG.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Hypoxia/therapy , Fetal Monitoring/methods , Resuscitation/methods , Tocolysis , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Fetal Hypoxia/physiopathology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 134(8): 947-954, ago. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438363

ABSTRACT

Background: During the last few years, multiple new medical schools have emerged in Chile, associated to the constant preoccupation to provide a good quality medical care. This created the need to evaluate medical training programs and to open a discussion about the attributes that a good physician should have. Aim: To evaluate the medical student's perception of the ideal medical doctor profile. Material and methods: An analytical, descriptive and cross sectional study was designed. Eleven second year, 11 third year, nine fourth year, 13 fifth year, 6 sixth year and 8 seventh year students were studied. Data collection was gathered by focus groups. Codes and triangulation were used for data analysis. Results: As attitudes and moral-ethical values, students valued the absence of discrimination a listening attitude and empathy. Among job related issues, they valued responsibility and punctuality. Emotional and legal self-care were valued as self related attitudes. Among skills, competences and capacities, a value was given to communicational skills, team work and professional easiness. Knowledge about medical and non medical topics was appraised. The valued attributes among duties and activities were patient diagnosis, treatment and education, team leadership and continuous medical training. Conclusions: These findings should help to design new curricula for medical schools.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Attitude of Health Personnel , Clinical Competence , Professional Role , Students, Medical/psychology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Physician-Patient Relations , Self-Assessment
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 22(4): 327-337, dic. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-427721

ABSTRACT

La terapia anti-retroviral utilizada durante el embarazo en madres infectadas con VIH disminuye la transmisión perinatal del virus. Esto es válido para mono, bi y tri-terapia (HAART), siendo mayor el efecto de esta última. Sin embargo, cuando se utilizan dichas terapias se debe tener en consideración riesgos potenciales para la madre e hijo (hiperglicemia, acidosis láctica, toxicidad mitocondrial, rash cutáneo, daño hepático, síndrome hipertensivo y parto prematuro). La operación cesárea electiva reduce la transmisión perinatal del virus en pacientes sin terapia o monoterapia. Con tri-terapia este beneficio no está demostrado. Este artículo revisa la evidencia de efectos benéficos y adversos de la terapia anti-retroviral y de la operación cesárea y propone una pauta de manejo de las pacientes infectadas con VIH en el embarazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Retroviral Agents/adverse effects , Cesarean Section , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , HIV Infections/therapy , HIV Infections/transmission , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Anti-HIV Agents , Anti-Retroviral Agents/classification , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Pregnancy Complications/chemically induced , Pregnancy Complications/virology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Practice Guidelines as Topic
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